Water transmission refers to the process of moving water from its source, where it’s collected, to a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for purification, and then from the WTP to consumers.

How Water is Transmitted

Raw Water Transport:

Water can be carried to the (WTP) Water Treatment Plant using

• Pipes and Conduits: Using pipes reduces evaporation losses, but there may be increased friction losses, which can affect the efficiency of water flow

Treated Water Delivery:

Once the water is treated, it is sent to Elevated Service Reservoir (ESR) & then to consumers through pipelines

After the water is treated, it is sent to the Elevated Reservoir and then delivered to consumers through pipelines. These pipes come in various sizes, ranging from small (20 mm in diameter) to large (up to 700 mm in diameter), and are made from different materials such as

• C.I. (Cast Iron), D.I. (Ductile Iron), PSC (Prestressed Concrete), and M.S. (Mild Steel): Typically used for larger pipes
• G.I. (Galvanized Iron): Also used for smaller sizes

Choosing Pipes

The size and material of the pipes are selected based on several factors:

• Hydraulic Requirements: How water flows through the system
• Losses: Understanding and minimizing friction and other losses
• Water Pressure: Ensuring sufficient pressure reaches consumers
• Terrain: The shape and layout of the land can affect water flow
• Cost Considerations: Balancing quality and budget for the project

In summary, water transmission is a critical system that ensures safe and efficient delivery of water from its source to the end users, using various methods and materials tailored to specific needs.